# 配置选项

> etcd 配置文件、命令行标志和环境变量

---

LLMS 索引： [llms.txt](/zh/llms.txt)

---

可以通过以下方式配置 etcd：

- **[命令行标志](#command-line-flags)**
- **环境变量**：每个标志都有一个对应的环境变量，其名称与标志相同，但前缀为 `ETCD_`，并以全大写和 [蛇形命名法][] 格式化。例如，`--some-flag` 对应 `ETCD_SOME_FLAG`。
- **[配置文件](#configuration-file)**

> [!WARNING]
> **请注意**：如果混合使用配置选项，则以下规则适用。
>
> - 命令行标志优先于环境变量。
> - 如果提供了 _配置文件_，则所有命令行标志和环境变量均被 **忽略**。

## 命令行标志 {#command-line-flags}

以下以 `--flag-name DEFAULT_VALUE` 格式展示命令行标志。

以下提供的标志列表可能因持续开发变更而未能保持最新。如需获取最新可用的标志，请运行 `etcd --help` 或查阅 [etcd help][]。

> [!NOTE]
>   **注意**：有关 v3.7 版本新增、更新和已弃用标志的详细信息，请参阅 [CHANGELOG-3.7.md][changelog]。
>   <!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line MD034 -->
>   [changelog]: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/main/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.7.md

### 成员 {#member}

```text
--name 'default'
  Human-readable name for this member.
--data-dir '${name}.etcd'
  Path to the data directory.
--wal-dir ''
  Path to the dedicated wal directory.
--snapshot-count '10000'
  Number of committed transactions to trigger a snapshot to disk.
--heartbeat-interval '100'
  Time (in milliseconds) of a heartbeat interval.
--election-timeout '1000'
  Time (in milliseconds) for an election to timeout. See tuning documentation for details.
--initial-election-tick-advance 'true'
  Whether to fast-forward initial election ticks on boot for faster election.
--listen-peer-urls 'http://localhost:2380'
  List of URLs to listen on for peer traffic.
--listen-client-urls 'http://localhost:2379'
  List of URLs to listen on for client grpc traffic and http as long as --listen-client-http-urls is not specified.
--listen-client-http-urls ''
  List of URLs to listen on for http only client traffic. Enabling this flag removes http services from --listen-client-urls.
--max-snapshots '5'
  Maximum number of snapshot files to retain (0 is unlimited).
--max-wals '5'
  Maximum number of wal files to retain (0 is unlimited).
--memory-mlock
  Enable to enforce etcd pages (in particular bbolt) to stay in RAM.
--quota-backend-bytes '0'
  Raise alarms when backend size exceeds the given quota (0 defaults to low space quota).
--backend-bbolt-freelist-type 'map'
  BackendFreelistType specifies the type of freelist that boltdb backend uses(array and map are supported types).
--backend-batch-interval ''
  BackendBatchInterval is the maximum time before commit the backend transaction.
--backend-batch-limit '0'
  BackendBatchLimit is the maximum operations before commit the backend transaction.
--max-txn-ops '128'
  Maximum number of operations permitted in a transaction.
--max-request-bytes '1572864'
  Maximum client request size in bytes the server will accept.
--grpc-keepalive-min-time '5s'
  Minimum duration interval that a client should wait before pinging server.
--grpc-keepalive-interval '2h'
  Frequency duration of server-to-client ping to check if a connection is alive (0 to disable).
--grpc-keepalive-timeout '20s'
  Additional duration of wait before closing a non-responsive connection (0 to disable).
--socket-reuse-port 'false'
  Enable to set socket option SO_REUSEPORT on listeners allowing rebinding of a port already in use.
--socket-reuse-address 'false'
  Enable to set socket option SO_REUSEADDR on listeners allowing binding to an address in TIME_WAIT state.
```

### 集群管理 {#clustering}

```text
--initial-advertise-peer-urls 'http://localhost:2380'
  List of this member's peer URLs to advertise to the rest of the cluster.
--initial-cluster 'default=http://localhost:2380'
  Initial cluster configuration for bootstrapping.
--initial-cluster-state 'new'
  Initial cluster state ('new' or 'existing').
--initial-cluster-token 'etcd-cluster'
  Initial cluster token for the etcd cluster during bootstrap.
  Specifying this can protect you from unintended cross-cluster interaction when running multiple clusters.
--advertise-client-urls 'http://localhost:2379'
  List of this member's client URLs to advertise to the public.
  The client URLs advertised should be accessible to machines that talk to etcd cluster. etcd client libraries parse these URLs to connect to the cluster.
--discovery ''
  Discovery URL used to bootstrap the cluster.
--discovery-fallback 'proxy'
  Expected behavior ('exit' or 'proxy') when discovery services fails.
  "proxy" supports v2 API only.
--discovery-proxy ''
  HTTP proxy to use for traffic to discovery service.
--discovery-srv ''
  DNS srv domain used to bootstrap the cluster.
--discovery-srv-name ''
  Suffix to the dns srv name queried when bootstrapping.
--strict-reconfig-check 'true'
  Reject reconfiguration requests that would cause quorum loss.
--pre-vote 'true'
  Enable the raft Pre-Vote algorithm to prevent disruption when a node that has been partitioned away rejoins the cluster.
--auto-compaction-retention '0'
  Auto compaction retention length. 0 means disable auto compaction.
--auto-compaction-mode 'periodic'
  Interpret 'auto-compaction-retention' one of: periodic|revision. 'periodic' for duration based retention, defaulting to hours if no time unit is provided (e.g. '5m'). 'revision' for revision number based retention.
--enable-v2 'false'
  Accept etcd V2 client requests. Deprecated and to be decommissioned in v3.6.
--v2-deprecation 'not-yet'
  Phase of v2store deprecation. Allows to opt-in for higher compatibility mode.
  Supported values:
    'not-yet'                // Issues a warning if v2store have meaningful content (default in v3.5)
    'write-only'             // Custom v2 state is not allowed (default in v3.6 and v3.7)
    'write-only-skip-check'  // Custom v2 state is not supported and, if present, will be ignored (available in v3.5.32+, v3.6.13+, and v3.7.0+). Use this option at your own risk.
    'write-only-drop-data'   // Custom v2 state will get DELETED ! (planned default in v3.8)
    'gone'                   // v2store is not maintained any longer.
```

### 安全 {#security}

```text
--cert-file ''
  Path to the client server TLS cert file.
--key-file ''
  Path to the client server TLS key file.
--client-cert-auth 'false'
  Enable client cert authentication.
  It's recommended to enable client cert authentication to prevent attacks from unauthenticated clients (e.g. CVE-2023-44487), especially when running etcd as a public service.
--client-crl-file ''
  Path to the client certificate revocation list file.
--client-cert-allowed-hostname ''
  Comma-separated list of SAN hostnames for client cert authentication.
--trusted-ca-file ''
  Path to the client server TLS trusted CA cert file.
  Note setting this parameter will also automatically enable client cert authentication no matter what value is set for `--client-cert-auth`.
--auto-tls 'false'
  Client TLS using generated certificates.
--peer-cert-file ''
  Path to the peer server TLS cert file.
--peer-key-file ''
  Path to the peer server TLS key file.
--peer-client-cert-auth 'false'
  Enable peer client cert authentication.
  It's recommended to enable peer client cert authentication to prevent attacks from unauthenticated forged peers (e.g. CVE-2023-44487).
--peer-trusted-ca-file ''
  Path to the peer server TLS trusted CA file.
--peer-cert-allowed-cn ''
  Comma-separated list of allowed CNs for inter-peer TLS authentication.
--peer-cert-allowed-hostname ''
  Comma-separated list of allowed SAN hostnames for inter-peer TLS authentication.
--peer-auto-tls 'false'
  Peer TLS using self-generated certificates if --peer-key-file and --peer-cert-file are not provided.
--self-signed-cert-validity '1'
  The validity period of the client and peer certificates that are automatically generated by etcd when you specify ClientAutoTLS and PeerAutoTLS, the unit is year, and the default is 1.
--peer-crl-file ''
  Path to the peer certificate revocation list file.
--cipher-suites ''
  Comma-separated list of supported TLS cipher suites between client/server and peers (empty will be auto-populated by Go).
--cors '*'
  Comma-separated whitelist of origins for CORS, or cross-origin resource sharing, (empty or * means allow all).
--host-whitelist '*'
  Acceptable hostnames from HTTP client requests, if server is not secure (empty or * means allow all).
--tls-min-version 'TLS1.2'
  Minimum TLS version supported by etcd.
--tls-max-version ''
  Maximum TLS version supported by etcd (empty will be auto-populated by Go).
```

### 认证 {#auth}

```text
--auth-token 'simple'
  Specify a v3 authentication token type and its options ('simple' or 'jwt').
--bcrypt-cost 10
  Specify the cost / strength of the bcrypt algorithm for hashing auth passwords. Valid values are between 4 and 31.
--auth-token-ttl 300
  Time (in seconds) of the auth-token-ttl.
```

### 性能分析和监控 {#profiling-and-monitoring}

```text
--enable-pprof 'false'
  Enable runtime profiling data via HTTP server. Address is at client URL + "/debug/pprof/"
--metrics 'basic'
  Set level of detail for exported metrics, specify 'extensive' to include server side grpc histogram metrics.
--listen-metrics-urls ''
  List of URLs to listen on for the metrics and health endpoints.
```

### 日志记录 {#logging}

```text
--logger 'zap'
  Currently only supports 'zap' for structured logging.
--log-outputs 'default'
  Specify 'stdout' or 'stderr' to skip journald logging even when running under systemd, or list of comma separated output targets.
--log-level 'info'
  Configures log level. Only supports debug, info, warn, error, panic, or fatal.
--log-format 'json'
  Configures log format. Only supports json, console.
--enable-log-rotation 'false'
  Enable log rotation of a single log-outputs file target.
--log-rotation-config-json '{"maxsize": 100, "maxage": 0, "maxbackups": 0, "localtime": false, "compress": false}'
  Configures log rotation if enabled with a JSON logger config. MaxSize(MB), MaxAge(days,0=no limit), MaxBackups(0=no limit), LocalTime(use computers local time), Compress(gzip)".
--warning-unary-request-duration '300ms'
  Set time duration after which a warning is logged if a unary request takes more than this duration.
```

> [!NOTE]
>   **注意**：在 v3.7 中，多个 `--experimental-*` 标志已被提升或重命名。
> 请务必用下文列出的稳定对应标志替换已弃用的标志。

### 分布式跟踪 {#distributed-tracing}

```text
--enable-distributed-tracing 'false'
  Enable distributed tracing.
--distributed-tracing-address 'localhost:4317'
  Distributed tracing collector address.
--distributed-tracing-service-name 'etcd'
  Distributed tracing service name, must be the same across all etcd instances.
--distributed-tracing-instance-id ''
  Distributed tracing instance ID, must be unique for each etcd instance.
--distributed-tracing-sampling-rate '0'
  Number of samples to collect per million spans for distributed tracing.
```

### v2 代理 {#v2-proxy}

> [!WARNING]
> **注意**：标志位将在 v3.6 中被弃用。

```text
--proxy 'off'
  Proxy mode setting ('off', 'readonly' or 'on').
--proxy-failure-wait 5000
  Time (in milliseconds) an endpoint will be held in a failed state.
--proxy-refresh-interval 30000
  Time (in milliseconds) of the endpoints refresh interval.
--proxy-dial-timeout 1000
  Time (in milliseconds) for a dial to timeout.
--proxy-write-timeout 5000
  Time (in milliseconds) for a write to timeout.
--proxy-read-timeout 0
  Time (in milliseconds) for a read to timeout.
```

### 功能 {#features}

```text
--corrupt-check-time '0s'
  Duration of time between cluster corruption check passes.
--compact-hash-check-time '1m'
  Duration of time between leader checks followers compaction hashes.
--compaction-batch-limit 1000
  CompactionBatchLimit sets the maximum revisions deleted in each compaction batch.
--peer-skip-client-san-verification 'false'
  Skip verification of SAN field in client certificate for peer connections.
--watch-progress-notify-interval '10m'
  Duration of periodical watch progress notification.
--warning-apply-duration '100ms'
  Warning is generated if requests take more than this duration.
--bootstrap-defrag-threshold-megabytes
  Enable the defrag during etcd server bootstrap on condition that it will free at least the provided threshold of disk space. Needs to be set to non-zero value to take effect.
--max-learners '1'
  Set the max number of learner members allowed in the cluster membership.
--compaction-sleep-interval
  Sets the sleep interval between each compaction batch.
--downgrade-check-time
  Duration of time between two downgrade status checks.
--snapshot-catchup-entries
  Number of entries for a slow follower to catch up after compacting the raft storage entries.
```

### 功能门控 {#feature-gates}

```text
--feature-gates=AllAlpha=true|false
  Enables or disables all alpha features. Default is false.
--feature-gates=AllBeta=true|false
  Enables or disables all beta features. Default is false.
--feature-gates=CompactHashCheck=true
  Enables leader to periodically check follower compaction hashes.
  Replaces: --experimental-compact-hash-check-enabled
--feature-gates=InitialCorruptCheck=true
  Enables corruption check before serving client/peer traffic.
  Replaces: --experimental-initial-corrupt-check
--feature-gates=LeaseCheckpoint=true
  ExperimentalEnableLeaseCheckpoint enables primary lessor to persist lease remainingTTL to prevent indefinite auto-renewal of long lived leases.
  Replaces: --experimental-enable-lease-checkpoint
--feature-gates=LeaseCheckpointPersist=true
  Enable persisting remainingTTL to prevent indefinite auto-renewal of long lived leases. Always enabled in v3.6. Should be used to ensure smooth upgrade from v3.5 clusters with this feature enabled.
  Replaces: --experimental-enable-lease-checkpoint-persist
--feature-gates=SetMemberLocalAddr=true
  Allows setting a member’s local address.
--feature-gates=StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true
  Enable etcd gRPC service to stop serving client requests on defragmentation.
  Replaces: --experimental-stop-grpc-service-on-defrag
--feature-gates=TxnModeWriteWithSharedBuffer=true
  Enable the write transaction to use a shared buffer in its readonly check operations.
  Replaces: --experimental-txn-mode-write-with-shared-buffer
```

### 不安全功能 {#unsafe-features}

> [!WARNING]
> **警告**：使用不安全功能可能会破坏共识协议所提供的保证！

```text
--force-new-cluster 'false'
  Force to create a new one-member cluster.
--unsafe-no-fsync 'false'
  Disables fsync, unsafe, will cause data loss.
```

## 配置文件 {#configuration-file}

etcd 配置文件由一个 YAML 映射组成，其键为命令行标志名称，值为标志的取值。
为使用此文件，请将文件路径作为 `--config-file` 标志的值或 `ETCD_CONFIG_FILE` 环境变量的值指定。

有关示例，请参见 [etcd.conf.yml 样本][]。

> [!NOTE]
> 诸如 `--grpc-keepalive-min-time`、`--grpc-keepalive-interval`、`--grpc-keepalive-timeout`、`--backend-batch-interval`、`--corrupt-check-time`、`--compact-hash-check-time`、`--compaction-sleep-interval`、`--watch-progress-notify-interval`、`--warning-apply-duration`、`--warning-unary-request-duration` 及 `--downgrade-check-time` 等持续时间字段在作为命令行标志传入时可接受人类可读的字符串（例如 `10m`、`5s`），但在配置文件中仅接受 **以纳秒表示的整数值**。这是 [Go 标准库的一个已知限制](https://github.com/golang/go/issues/10275)，其中 `time.Duration` 被反序列化为普通整数。
>
> 例如，在配置文件中设置 10 分钟的监听进度通知间隔：
>
> ```yaml
> # 正确：以纳秒表示的 10 分钟
> watch-progress-notify-interval: 600000000000
>
> # 错误：将导致反序列化错误
> watch-progress-notify-interval: '10m'
> ```

[etcd help]: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/main/server/etcdmain/help.go
[etcd.conf.yml sample]: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/main/etcd.conf.yml.sample
[snake case]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_case

---

反链：

- [快速入门](/zh/docs/etcd/quickstart/)